published 8 June 2022 Introduction Dinoflagellates (or dinophytes) are protists in which the motile (swimming) life-cycle stage is characterized by two distinctive flagella: a longitudinal flagellum that trails posteriorly from the cell and a transverse flagellum that encircles the cell, generally in a more or less equatorial position1,2. The combined action of the flagella propels the organism forward in a ... Read More